Friday, December 9, 2011
KMAM PART 3 (LAST)
- Water from the Chepir river is flowed into the collection tank.
- Flocculation is done by adding polyaluminium chloride (Al 9%). Doses are 2-5mg/litres.It is suitable for removal of certain heavy chemicals and low-solubility organic chemicals.
- Water pass into the settling tank. It contain multiple planks which cause the water to move in the zig zag manner. This is to ensure more time for the aluminium to react completely in the water. Each tank have 2 hour retention time.
- From the settling tank, water is then flow into sedimentation tank. In this tank, heavier dirt is remove by letting it settle below the tank. The tanks is cleaned at least once a month to ensure effectiveness of sedimentation process.
- Water is then flow into 4 filtration tanks. It contain coarse sand below and fine sand above the coarse sand. This tank is slow sand filter which effective size of the sand is in the range 0.15–0.3mm. It is suitable to remove algae and microorganisms, to reduce turbidity and removal of pesticides and ammonia.
- Water is then pump into a tank where chlorination process begin. Chlorine gas is used for chlorination. The gas is withdrawn from the cylinder and is dosed into the water by a chlorinator, which both controls and measures the gas flow rate
- Finally the water is ready to sent out to the whole district to drink.
COLLECTION TANK
SEDIMENTATION TANK
CHLORINATION TANK.
;KMAM PART 2
WATER SAMPLING
- 4 samples is collected from a water sources.
- For testing the temperature and pH, water is collected in 2 different cup. The instrument that measure pH and temperature must be wast with saline water.
- The instrument for measuring both parameters are insert into the cups. Wait for few
minutes, the result will be out.
4. For measuring the turbidity, water sample is collected in a small bottle. A special tissue is used to clean the bottle surface to avoid contamination.
- First let the water flow for 3 to 5 minutes and then close the taps.
- sanitize the taps with sanitizer or blow torch.
- then turn on the tap and let the water flow for 3 to 5 minutes. Meanwhile, sanitize your hands with hand sanitizer.
- open the whirls bags carefully without touching the top cover. Restrain yourself from talking. It is to avoid the sample is contaminated from saliva.
- collect 4oz of water into the bag which contain thiosulphate which neutralize the chlorine in the water.
- seal the bag by twisting the top and tie it up.
- put it into the air seal big to avoid contamination of whirls bag or accidental of whirls bag burst.
- the sample is put into a container which contain ice.It is to maintain the temperature 4°C.
- it is to prevent the microorganism from multiplying. The sample is send to the chemistry laboratory in Alor Star.
WATER QUALITY CONTROL....( KAWALAN MUTU AIR MINUM -KMAM) part 1
- INSITU testing - it is check on the spot . Check for Chlorine level, pH, turbidity and temperature.
- check for bacteria - example check for coliform level and presence of E.coli. Standard criteria is 0. If the result more than 0, it's mean that there is presence of bacteria.
- check for presence of chemical material- for example short chain : nitrogen and long chain: ammonia
- pesticide
HIV AIDS ,Prostar
( + ) TAMBAH MAKLUMAT
( / ) BAHAGI tanggungjawab
( X ) GANDAKAN usaha
( - ) TOLAK risiko
= Healthy Living without AIDS
Ò13-25
Tuesday, December 6, 2011
Health Promotion Unit in Sik
The health promotion unit in Sik, is a very well equipped unit whereby all of them are extremely knowledgeable and very passionate. They organize various activities so that the Sik community would be able to maximize the benefit from all activities organized. Unfortunately during our visit to Sik, there were no such activities planned for it was already school holidays and it was difficult to gather students who are their main target.
We were briefed by a young gentleman named En. Who is supposedly the PPKP in charge of the Health Promotion unit in Sik. There were many activities conducted either in a regular manner or just focusing on one particular day in order to create awareness:
a) Campaigns pertaining to Healthy Living
a. Training the Health Individuals
b. KCHS carnival
c. How to live a healthy life camp
d. Enlightening the community involved in Communicable diseases
e. Conducts, various educational activities in the school
b) Young Doctors Program
a. Establishment of the Young Dr.Club
b. Conventions and convocations in relation to the above program
c. Education school teachers regarding this program
c) Campaigns pertaining to washing hand techniques
a. Done in all schools
d) Establishment of COMBI
a. A control effort done by the KKM in combination with the community where there are obvious outbreaks.
e) Various Functions and Weeks
a. Tuberculosis week
b. No-Tobacco Week
c. World Healthy Eating day
d. Breast feeding week
e. World heart Day
f. Healthy Mental Day
g. Diabetes week
h. World AIDS day
Of the above programs, the one conducted in an extremely regular basis and serve as a priority in the PKD is the Young Dr Program. This program was just originates in year 2008 and was enforced in all schools nationwide ever since.
The School students paying a visit to the Old Hospital
They will be taught on how to manage patients with communicable diseases and the ailments related to tobacco use and abstinence from Drugs.
Well, this is about all, Maybe; I’ve not covered up a lot more but you’re well assured that this would give you a rough idea on what is going on in SIK
Sincerely,
Sabbitan Balakrishnan
Day 13 - Primary Health Care, Sik group
Insight: Primary Health Care services becoming the core to a healthy family and to a better life quality.
Mission: To provide a health programme which is efficient and effective, affordable, easily obtained and is technologically suitable for families on their first visit in order to promote and maintain a certain level of health, as well as to speed up recovery from a disease.
General Objective: Strengthen the primary health care services in terms of health promotion, disease prevention, early detection and treatment, disease limitation, and rehabilitation in addition to enhancing human resources development support services and teleprimary care.
Specific Objective:
- - Integrated and comprehensive health services during the first meeting with the community
- - Community involvement and participation towards self health care and a steady family
- - Collaboration with the private sector and non-governmental organizations towards an integrated primary health service which has no boundaries
A) Primary Health Care Activities
- - Outpatient treatment services at health clinics
- - Services through Reviewed Concept Approach in health clinics
- - Chronic disease treatment services
- - Family specialist services
- - Quality Assurance Programme (QAP) primary health
- - Health Advisory Panel
- - E-Masa monitoring (Online monitoring)
- - After hours clinic services
- - Ambulance and emergency services
B) Scope Expansion Programmes
- - Elderly Programmes
- - Mental Health Services
- - Adolescent Health Programmes
- Health Service is NS (PLKN)
C) Community Services
- - Rehabilitation services at home
- - Health camp – Health screening
- - Elderly exercise activities
Function:
· Plan and implement Anggaran Belanjawan Mengurus (ABM) (Operating Budget), Primary Health Services budget
- - Plan and implement training programmes
- - Regular meetings with health staffs
- - To provide and distribute the technical guidelines which are appropriate
- - Recommend the placement of sufficient trained officers and provide sufficient transport and resources
- - Monitor/supervise the achievement of the Primary Health activities
· Monitor/supervise the achievement of the Primary Health activities
- - To collect the data/ reports from the area
- - Analyze the data in terms of performance and weakness
- - Recommend measures the improve and enhance the quality of primary health services
- - Visits to clinics to ensure that norms and regulations such as the Ministry of Health guidelines are followed
Written by Christine Wong
Thursday, December 1, 2011
Day 10 - Non Communicable Disease
On Wednesday, which is the 30th of November, we were given a talk about non communicable disease control (NCDC) by En. Muhammad Fahmi bin Abidin. His post is Assistant Environmental Health Officer (AEHO). He is under the supervision of ChiefAssistant of Environmental Health Officer who is again under the power of Health Officer of Sik District.
The list of duties of (AEHO) includes:
•Responsible directly to the district health officer in carrying out the activities of non-communicable diseases control unit (NCDC).
•Provide reten / weekly reports, monthly and yearly and sent to the State Health Department.
•Carry out the enforcement of the Tobacco Products Control Regulations 2004
•Recording and reviewing all cases of tobacco product control compound for further action.
•Prepare papers for investigation purposes in each case where the payment of compound had expired for court action.
•Provide an analysis request form and send samples of tobacco to the chemistry department for chemical analysis.
•Conduct preventive screening programs and lectures in the nursery / kindergarten /PASTI .
•Conduct health education activities in the nursery / school / clinic / public places.
•Manage, coordinate, and conduct courses, workshops, health promotion campaigns for non-communicable diseases.
•To carry out other official duties as directed by District Health Officer.
Enforcement of regulations of tobacco products control 1994.
Duties of AEHO in enforcement of regulations of tobacco products control (ERTPC) 2004
1.Managing the running of ERTPC 2004:
Provide an operation letter
2.Arrange the operation team
3.Collecting operation reten and sent to the Legal Unit of the State Health Department of Kedah.
4.Prepare investigation papers for cases of ERTPC 2004.
5.Recording the cases of ERTPC 2004 in an operations registration book.
•Regulations used in the operations:
1.Per. 9(1) : selling cigarettes in an open package or less than 20 cigarettes
2.Per. 11(3) : Smoking in an non-smoking area
3.Per. 12(1) : failure to display non -smoking signs in premises or vehicles which prohibit smoking
4.Per. 13(1) : smoking, chewing or possessing tobacco products by non adults
5.Per. 14(1) : failure to exhibit signs forbidding the sale of tobacco to non adults
6.Per. 15 : To exhibit health warnings on cigarette packages.
7.Per. 16 : selling cigarettes in a package less than 20 sticks .
Smoking Rehabilitation Clinic (SRC)
Smoking rehabilitation clinics are available in hospitals and health clinics to help the smokers
to quit smoking with proven techniques, includes behavior modification therapy and nicotine
replacement therapy.
Monitoring of Nursering Centre and Kindergarten
Aspects which are emphasized:
Outside environment of premise:
1. Waste disposal systems, examples of waste include plastics, bottle , paper and tin. 2. Waste water disposal systems
•Waste water exits the premises by draining through the pipeline or the bathroom sink directly or through waste filter box.
•Managements:
-To install a waste filter box to prevent the deposit and blockage of drain.
-Maintenance of drain should be done if the method above cannot be carried out.
Internal environment of premises:
1. Floor suitability
2. The floor area
3. Lighting
4. Children’s accessories such as towels, tooth brushes, combs and cups need to be separated.
5. Sanitary facilities include toilets, sinks and others.
6. Parts of kitchen
7. Food storage : Cooked food and raw food.
Besides that, weight management are also done by the NCDC unit. BMI is used as the parameter. There are basically 4 categories, <18.5, 18.5 - 23, 23 - 27.5, >27.5. For those who has BMI lesser than 23, they will refer them to food and nutrition officer, on the other hand, those who has BMI more than 23 are counselled on how to reduce weight and maintain a standard BMI.
There are some activities organized by the NCDC unit to those who are overweight such as aerobic dance, gym and jogging. Courses are also held by NCDC unit to counsel the public about the disadvantages of of overweight and the diseases which can be caused by obesity.
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
BAKAS- 29/11/11
As per all the other days, we were given a talk on BAKAS and its programmes by PPKP Mr. Asri bin Harun. Firstly, allow me to enlighten you that BAKAS stands for Bekalan Air & Kebersihan Alam Sekeliling. BAKAS comes under the Health Engineering unit. Geographically, Sik District in one of the largest districts in the state of Kedah, however, due to its geographical consideration as well as the development status, clean and safe water supply to the residents is still greatly insufficient.
The roles of BAKAS are:
1. Construction of water supply system
2. Construction of proper sanitation system
3. Maintenance of these systems
The main objectives are:
1. To prevent and control communicable (water borne) diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentry, Hepatitis A, cholera and typhoid fever amongst the rural community
2. By means of upgrading the cleanliness of the environment and water quality control through good sanitation and basic clean water supply system.
There are 2 main BAKAS projects which are Projek Kemudahan Bekalan Air Masyarakat (BAM) and Gravity Feed System. Another programme is also done by them which is Sambungan paip SADA/KKM.
WATER SUPPLY
The water system which had been installed in Sik with the rally round of BAKAS Unit is the Gravity Feed System.
Gravity Feed System
Gravity Feed System is the system which in used the gravity force to draw the clean water from a higher areas (water fall, lake…) to a lower ones, the reservoir, then to the villagers and kept for daily usage. However, the water is not treated. This system had supplied daily water usage to the villagers since decades ago and it still being used until the district had received the water pipe construction from the Jabatan Kerja Raya.
A single dam can supply around 70-80 houses with direct fresh water supply.
BAM
Under this programme, BAKAS constructs treated wells for the villagers which use an electric pump. Fully sponsored by the government with a subsidy of RM1500 per treated well. However, due to its cost, only 3 houses get this facility per year.
SADA/KKM
This plan is for those around the main pipes but could not afford it or did not do their piping previously. They too are given a government subsidy.
Monitoring.
Twice a year, BAKAS members monitor wells for microbes and once a year they monitor dams for microbes and leptospirosis.
An electric pump protected from the sun and rain.
SANITATION
Besides constructing water supply system, BAKAS unit also facilitate the residents in Sik to build a proper sanitation system. Sanitation is the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces.
Types of Sanitation System:
Pour-Flush Type Latrine
In Sik, most of the latrines which had been constructed by the villagers and with the aid from the BAKAS unit are the pour flush type latrines. This project is however only for those who are eligible and subsidised (RM 900) by the Ministry of Health.
Pour-flush leaching pit latrines overcome the problems of flies, mosquitoes and odour by having a pan with a water seal (ring cock) in the defecation hole. The excreta deposited in the latrine pan are flushed by pouring 2 to 3 litres of water into it. Water remains in the ring cock conduit blocking air flow and odour. The mixture is directed into a pit and organic wastes are biodegraded. Once the latrine is full, it will be sealed and a new latrine will be build for future usage. It usually takes 10-20 years for a normal latrine to be full.
Newly build pour flush latrine
Terms and Condition for those who are eligible to be recruited into the subsidisation programme:
Those who are included in the list Program Perumahan Rakyat Termiskin (PPRT) or Development Programme for The Poor.
Groups of poor people who are not included in the list of PPRT - but have a family income of RM 350.00 and below per month.
The elderly, single women and disabled
Houses in the area capable of an outbreak of food-borne diseases / water.
Low-moving society that found the health education activities are still not able to change the attitude to build its own sanitary facilities.
Sincerely by: Merlinda Shazellenne :)
Monday, November 28, 2011
Food Safety and Quality Control Division (FSQD)
Type of Forms